S M A R T V E R T I C A L H Y D R O P O N I C S T O W E R Smart Vertical Tower · Schematic Rev 1 · 2026-05-06 ESP32 · 12V DC · Water Pump · LED Strips · DHT22 · TSL2591 · XKC-Y25-V 12V 5V GND 3.3V GPIO4 I2C SENSOR GPIO25 GPIO26 ── 12V BUS ── 12V PSU 10A DC Switching Supply 10A FUSE XL4015 BUCK 5V 12V → 5V Adj. pot on module 12V IN 5V OUT ── 5V RAIL ── ESP32 30-pin Module 3.3V internal LDO 3.3V INT RAIL VIN GND GPIO34 (input only) GPIO4 GPIO21 SDA GPIO22 SCL GPIO25 GPIO26 DHT22 Temp / Humidity VCC=3.3V · GPIO4 3.3V GPIO4 TSL2591 Light Sensor I2C · 0x29 3.3V SDA/SCL XKC-Y25-V Water Level Non-contact · 5V 5V DIVIDER R5 10kΩ · R6 20kΩ R1 220Ω R3 10kΩ IRLB8721 #1 PUMP N-ch · TO-220 Vgs(th) 1–2V typ 1N4007 Flyback · Pump only PUMP 12V DC · ~1–2A Inductive · 1N4007 protection R2 220Ω R4 10kΩ IRLB8721 #2 LED N-ch · TO-220 LED STRIPS 4× Parallel · ~8A 12V · Resistive load No flyback needed ✓ ── COMMON GROUND BUS ── POWER BUDGET Component Rail Current LED Strips (4× parallel) 12V ~8A Water Pump 12V ~1–2A ESP32 + Sensors 5V→3.3V <0.5A Total (simultaneous) 12V ~9.5–10.5A PSU Rating 12V 10A rated ⚠ XKC-Y25-V VCC 5V (min) <50mA BILL OF MATERIALS PSU — 12V 10A DC Switching Supply F1 — 10A Fuse, inline positive rail U1 — XL4015 Buck Module (12V→5V, set 5.0V) U2 — ESP32 30-pin Module (internal 3.3V LDO) U3 — DHT22 (temp/humidity · GPIO4 · VCC=3.3V) U4 — TSL2591 (I2C light · GPIO21/22 · VCC=3.3V) U5 — XKC-Y25-V (capacitive water level · 5V) Q1 — IRLB8721 TO-220 (pump MOSFET · GPIO25) Q2 — IRLB8721 TO-220 (LED MOSFET) D1 — 1N4007 (pump flyback · pump only) R1,R2 — 220Ω (gate series · 1 per MOSFET · 2 qty) R3,R4 — 10kΩ (gate pull-down · 1 per MOSFET · 2 qty) R5 — 10kΩ (voltage divider top · XKC signal) R6 — 20kΩ (divider bottom · 5V to GPIO34) Total: 14 components · Rev 1 prototype REVISION HISTORY Rev 1 — 2026-05-06 — Initial release.
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